国务院办公厅关于加强金融消费者权益 保护工作的指导意见
发布(bu)时间:2022年03月09日
各(ge)省(sheng)、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务(wu)院各(ge)部委、各(ge)直属机(ji)构:
金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)者(zhe)是(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)场的重要参与(yu)者(zhe),也是(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)业(ye)持续健(jian)康发展的推(tui)动者(zhe)。加(jia)(jia)强(qiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)者(zhe)权益保护工作,是(shi)防(fang)范和(he)化解(jie)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)风(feng)险的重要内(nei)容,对(dui)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)者(zhe)信心(xin)、维护金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)安全与(yu)稳定、促进社(she)会公平正(zheng)义和(he)社(she)会和(he)谐具有积极(ji)意(yi)义。随着(zhe)我国(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)场改革发展不(bu)断(duan)深化,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)产品与(yu)服(fu)务(wu)日趋丰(feng)富,在(zai)(zai)为(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)者(zhe)带来便利的同时,也存在(zai)(zai)提(ti)(ti)供金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)产品与(yu)服(fu)务(wu)的行(xing)为(wei)(wei)不(bu)规范,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)纠纷频发,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)者(zhe)权益保护意(yi)识不(bu)强(qiang)、识别风(feng)险能力亟待提(ti)(ti)高等问题。为(wei)(wei)规范和(he)引导金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)机构提(ti)(ti)供金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)产品和(he)服(fu)务(wu)的行(xing)为(wei)(wei),构建(jian)公平、公正(zheng)的市(shi)场环境,加(jia)(jia)强(qiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)者(zhe)权益保护工作,经国(guo)务(wu)院同意(yi),现提(ti)(ti)出(chu)如下意(yi)见:
一、指导思想
以党的(de)十(shi)八(ba)大(da)和(he)(he)(he)十(shi)八(ba)届(jie)三中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、四(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、五中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全会精(jing)神(shen)为(wei)指导,认真落实党中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央、国务院决策部署,坚持市(shi)场(chang)化(hua)和(he)(he)(he)法治化(hua)原则,坚持审慎监(jian)管与行(xing)为(wei)监(jian)管相结合,建立(li)健全金融(rong)消费者权益保(bao)护(hu)监(jian)管机制和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)障机制,规范(fan)金融(rong)机构行(xing)为(wei),培育公平竞争和(he)(he)(he)诚信的(de)市(shi)场(chang)环(huan)境,切实保(bao)护(hu)金融(rong)消费者合法权益,防范(fan)和(he)(he)(he)化(hua)解金融(rong)风险,促进金融(rong)业(ye)持续健康发展。
二、工作要求
(一)人民银行、银监会(hui)、证(zheng)监会(hui)、保(bao)(bao)监会(hui)(以(yi)下统称金(jin)融管理(li)部(bu)门)要按照(zhao)职责分工(gong),密切配合,切实做好(hao)金(jin)融消(xiao)费者(zhe)权益保(bao)(bao)护工(gong)作。金(jin)融管理(li)部(bu)门和地(di)方人民政府要加强合作,探(tan)索建(jian)立(li)中(zhong)央和地(di)方人民政府金(jin)融消(xiao)费者(zhe)权益保(bao)(bao)护协(xie)调机制。
(二)银行业(ye)机构(gou)、证券业(ye)机构(gou)、保(bao)(bao)险业(ye)机构(gou)以(yi)及(ji)其他从事金融(rong)或与金融(rong)相关(guan)业(ye)务的机构(gou)(以(yi)下统(tong)称金融(rong)机构(gou))应当遵(zun)循(xun)平等自愿、诚实守信等原(yuan)则(ze),充分尊重(zhong)并自觉保(bao)(bao)障金融(rong)消费者的财产安全权(quan)、知情权(quan)、自主选择权(quan)、公平交易权(quan)、依(yi)法求(qiu)偿权(quan)、受(shou)教(jiao)育权(quan)、受(shou)尊重(zhong)权(quan)、信息安全权(quan)等基(ji)本(ben)权(quan)利,依(yi)法、合(he)规开(kai)展经(jing)营活动。
(三(san))金(jin)融(rong)领域相关社会(hui)组织(zhi)应当发挥(hui)自身优(you)势,积极参与金(jin)融(rong)消费(fei)者(zhe)权益(yi)保护(hu)(hu)工作(zuo),协助(zhu)金(jin)融(rong)消费(fei)者(zhe)依法维(wei)权,推(tui)动金(jin)融(rong)知识(shi)普及,在金(jin)融(rong)消费(fei)者(zhe)权益(yi)保护(hu)(hu)中发挥(hui)重要作(zuo)用。
三、规范(fan)金融机(ji)构行为(wei)
(一)健全金(jin)融消费(fei)者权(quan)益(yi)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。金(jin)融机(ji)构应当将保(bao)(bao)护(hu)金(jin)融消费(fei)者合(he)法权(quan)益(yi)纳(na)入公司(si)治(zhi)理、企业文化建设和经(jing)营发展战略中统筹规划,落实人员配(pei)备和经(jing)费(fei)预算(suan),完善金(jin)融消费(fei)者权(quan)益(yi)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)工(gong)作机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。
(二(er))建立金融消(xiao)费者适当性制度。金融机(ji)构应当对(dui)金融产品和服务(wu)的风(feng)险(xian)及专业复杂程度进行评估(gu)并(bing)实施分级(ji)动态(tai)管理,完善金融消(xiao)费者风(feng)险(xian)偏好(hao)、风(feng)险(xian)认知(zhi)和风(feng)险(xian)承受能(neng)力测评制度,将合适的金融产品和服务(wu)提供给适当的金融消(xiao)费者。
(三)保障(zhang)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)消费(fei)者财产安全(quan)权。金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)机构应(ying)当依法保障(zhang)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)消费(fei)者在购买(mai)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)产品和接受金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)务过程中的财产安全(quan)。金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)机构应(ying)当审(shen)慎经(jing)营,采取严(yan)格(ge)的内控措施和科学的技术监控手段,严(yan)格(ge)区分(fen)机构自身资产与(yu)客(ke)户(hu)资产,不得挪用(yong)、占(zhan)用(yong)客(ke)户(hu)资金(jin)。
(四)保障(zhang)金(jin)融(rong)消费(fei)者知情权。金(jin)融(rong)机构应当(dang)以通俗易懂的语言,及(ji)时、真实(shi)、准确、全面(mian)地(di)向金(jin)融(rong)消费(fei)者披露可能影响其决(jue)策的信(xin)息,充分提(ti)示风险(xian),不(bu)得发布夸(kua)大产(chan)品收(shou)益、掩饰产(chan)品风险(xian)等欺诈(zha)信(xin)息,不(bu)得作虚假或(huo)引(yin)人误(wu)解的宣传。
(五)保障金融(rong)(rong)消费(fei)者自(zi)(zi)(zi)主选(xuan)择权(quan)。金融(rong)(rong)机构应当在法律法规(gui)和(he)监(jian)管规(gui)定允许范围内,充分尊(zun)重金融(rong)(rong)消费(fei)者意(yi)愿,由(you)消费(fei)者自(zi)(zi)(zi)主选(xuan)择、自(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)决定是否购买(mai)金融(rong)(rong)产(chan)品或接受金融(rong)(rong)服务,不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)强买(mai)强卖,不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)违背(bei)金融(rong)(rong)消费(fei)者意(yi)愿搭售产(chan)品和(he)服务,不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)附加其他(ta)不(bu)合理(li)条件,不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)采用引人误解的手段诱使(shi)金融(rong)(rong)消费(fei)者购买(mai)其他(ta)产(chan)品。
(六(liu))保(bao)障(zhang)金(jin)融消费(fei)(fei)者(zhe)公平交易(yi)权。金(jin)融机构(gou)不(bu)得(de)设(she)置(zhi)违反公平原则的(de)交易(yi)条件(jian),在格式合(he)同中不(bu)得(de)加(jia)重(zhong)金(jin)融消费(fei)(fei)者(zhe)责任、限制或者(zhe)排除金(jin)融消费(fei)(fei)者(zhe)合(he)法(fa)(fa)权利,不(bu)得(de)限制金(jin)融消费(fei)(fei)者(zhe)寻(xun)求法(fa)(fa)律救济(ji)途(tu)径,不(bu)得(de)减轻、免除本机构(gou)损害(hai)金(jin)融消费(fei)(fei)者(zhe)合(he)法(fa)(fa)权益应当(dang)承担的(de)民事责任。
(七)保障金(jin)(jin)融消费(fei)者依(yi)法求偿权(quan)。金(jin)(jin)融机(ji)构应当切实履行金(jin)(jin)融消费(fei)者投诉处(chu)理(li)主体责任,在机(ji)构内(nei)部建(jian)立(li)(li)多层级投诉处(chu)理(li)机(ji)制,完善(shan)投诉处(chu)理(li)程序,建(jian)立(li)(li)投诉办理(li)情况查询系(xi)统,提高(gao)金(jin)(jin)融消费(fei)者投诉处(chu)理(li)质量和(he)效率(lv),接受(shou)社(she)会监督。
(八)保障金(jin)融(rong)消(xiao)(xiao)费者(zhe)受教(jiao)育(yu)权。金(jin)融(rong)机构应当进一步(bu)强化金(jin)融(rong)消(xiao)(xiao)费者(zhe)教(jiao)育(yu),积极组(zu)织或(huo)参与金(jin)融(rong)知识(shi)普及活动,开展广泛、持续(xu)的日常性(xing)金(jin)融(rong)消(xiao)(xiao)费者(zhe)教(jiao)育(yu),帮助金(jin)融(rong)消(xiao)(xiao)费者(zhe)提高(gao)对(dui)金(jin)融(rong)产品和服(fu)务的认知能力及自我保护能力,提升金(jin)融(rong)消(xiao)(xiao)费者(zhe)金(jin)融(rong)素养和诚实守信意识(shi)。
(九)保障金(jin)融消(xiao)费者受(shou)尊重权。金(jin)融机构应(ying)当(dang)尊重金(jin)融消(xiao)费者的(de)人格尊严和民族(zu)(zu)(zu)风俗习惯,不(bu)得因金(jin)融消(xiao)费者性别、年龄、种(zhong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)、民族(zu)(zu)(zu)或国(guo)籍(ji)等(deng)不(bu)同进(jin)行歧视性差别对待。
(十)保(bao)障金融(rong)(rong)消(xiao)(xiao)费(fei)者信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)安全(quan)权。金融(rong)(rong)机构(gou)应当(dang)采取(qu)有效措施加强对(dui)第(di)三方合(he)作机构(gou)的管理,明(ming)确双(shuang)方权利义(yi)务关系,严(yan)格防控金融(rong)(rong)消(xiao)(xiao)费(fei)者信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)泄露风(feng)险,保(bao)障金融(rong)(rong)消(xiao)(xiao)费(fei)者信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)安全(quan)。
四、完(wan)善监督管理机制
(一)完善(shan)金(jin)融消(xiao)费者(zhe)权(quan)益(yi)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)法(fa)律法(fa)规(gui)和规(gui)章制度(du)。金(jin)融管(guan)理部门要推(tui)动及时(shi)修订与金(jin)融消(xiao)费者(zhe)权(quan)益(yi)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)相关的行(xing)政法(fa)规(gui),积(ji)极推(tui)进金(jin)融消(xiao)费者(zhe)权(quan)益(yi)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)相关立法(fa)的基(ji)础性工作,研究探索金(jin)融消(xiao)费者(zhe)权(quan)益(yi)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)特别立法(fa);逐步建(jian)立完善(shan)金(jin)融消(xiao)费者(zhe)权(quan)益(yi)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)规(gui)章制度(du),明确监管(guan)目标(biao)、原则、标(biao)准、措施和程序,指(zhi)导建(jian)立金(jin)融消(xiao)费者(zhe)权(quan)益(yi)保(bao)护(hu)(hu)业务标(biao)准。
(二)加(jia)强金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)者(zhe)权益保(bao)护监(jian)督管(guan)理。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)管(guan)理部门要促进审慎监(jian)管(guan)与行为监(jian)管(guan)形成合(he)力(li),依法加(jia)强监(jian)督检(jian)查(cha),及时查(cha)处侵害金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)者(zhe)合(he)法权益的行为;创(chuang)新非现场监(jian)管(guan)方式,合(he)理运(yun)(yun)用评估等手(shou)段,进一(yi)步提高(gao)非现场监(jian)管(guan)有效性;建立(li)健全(quan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)者(zhe)投(tou)诉处理机(ji)制,有效督办(ban)、处理金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)者(zhe)投(tou)诉案件;完善风(feng)(feng)险提示和信息披露机(ji)制,加(jia)强创(chuang)新型(xing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)产(chan)品风(feng)(feng)险识别、监(jian)测和预警,防范风(feng)(feng)险扩散,加(jia)大对非法金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)活动(dong)的惩处力(li)度,维护金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市场有序运(yun)(yun)行。
(三)健全(quan)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消费(fei)(fei)者权益保护工作机(ji)(ji)制。金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)管(guan)理(li)部(bu)门要健全(quan)机(ji)(ji)构设置,强化(hua)(hua)责任落实和人员(yuan)保障;加(jia)强金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消费(fei)(fei)者权益保护协调机(ji)(ji)制建(jian)设,建(jian)立跨领域的金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消费(fei)(fei)者教育、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消费(fei)(fei)争议处理(li)和监(jian)管(guan)执法合(he)作机(ji)(ji)制,加(jia)强信息共享,协调解决金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消费(fei)(fei)者权益保护领域的重(zhong)大(da)问题(ti),形成监(jian)管(guan)合(he)力(li);强化(hua)(hua)国际监(jian)管(guan)合(he)作与(yu)交(jiao)流(liu),推动金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)消费(fei)(fei)者权益跨境(jing)监(jian)管(guan)和保护。
(四)促进金(jin)融市(shi)场公(gong)平(ping)竞(jing)争。金(jin)融管理部门(men)要有效运用(yong)市(shi)场约束手段(duan)防止金(jin)融机(ji)构不正当竞(jing)争行为,鼓励金(jin)融机(ji)构以提高客户满意度为中心开发更多适应金(jin)融消(xiao)费(fei)者(zhe)需(xu)要的金(jin)融产品和服务,提升服务水平(ping),公(gong)平(ping)参与(yu)市(shi)场竞(jing)争。
五、建(jian)立健全保(bao)障机制
(一)提升金(jin)融(rong)消(xiao)费者(zhe)(zhe)权益保(bao)(bao)护(hu)水平。有(you)关部门(men)和地方人民政府(fu)要(yao)在各(ge)自职责范围(wei)内积极支持和配合金(jin)融(rong)消(xiao)费者(zhe)(zhe)权益保(bao)(bao)护(hu)工作(zuo),健全全方位、多领域的(de)金(jin)融(rong)消(xiao)费者(zhe)(zhe)权益保(bao)(bao)护(hu)工作(zuo)保(bao)(bao)障机制,依法(fa)(fa)(fa)打击各(ge)类金(jin)融(rong)违法(fa)(fa)(fa)犯罪活动,有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)金(jin)融(rong)消(xiao)费者(zhe)(zhe)合法(fa)(fa)(fa)权益。
(二)建立(li)重大突(tu)发(fa)事(shi)件(jian)协(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)机制。对于(yu)涉及金(jin)融(rong)消费者权益(yi)保护的重大突(tu)发(fa)事(shi)件(jian),地方(fang)(fang)人民政(zheng)府负责协(xie)(xie)调本行政(zheng)区(qu)域内各方(fang)(fang)力量做好应(ying)急处置工作(zuo)(zuo)。金(jin)融(rong)管理部门要积极(ji)协(xie)(xie)同配合,协(xie)(xie)调相关金(jin)融(rong)机构(gou)做好应(ying)急响应(ying)及处置工作(zuo)(zuo)。
(三)建(jian)立金融(rong)知识(shi)普(pu)及长效机制。金融(rong)管(guan)理部门(men)、金融(rong)机构、相关社会组织要加强研究,综合(he)运用多(duo)种方式,推动金融(rong)消费者宣(xuan)传教(jiao)(jiao)育工作(zuo)深入(ru)开展。教(jiao)(jiao)育部要将金融(rong)知识(shi)普(pu)及教(jiao)(jiao)育纳入(ru)国民(min)(min)教(jiao)(jiao)育体系,切实提(ti)高国民(min)(min)金融(rong)素(su)养。
(四)建(jian)立(li)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)纠纷(fen)多元化(hua)解决机(ji)(ji)制。金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)管(guan)理部(bu)门、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)机(ji)(ji)构要建(jian)立(li)和(he)完善金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)投诉(su)处(chu)(chu)理机(ji)(ji)制,畅通投诉(su)受理和(he)处(chu)(chu)理渠道,建(jian)立(li)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)纠纷(fen)第三方调(diao)解、仲裁(cai)机(ji)(ji)制,形成包括(kuo)自行和(he)解、外(wai)部(bu)调(diao)解、仲裁(cai)和(he)诉(su)讼在(zai)内的(de)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)纠纷(fen)多元化(hua)解决机(ji)(ji)制,及时有效解决金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)消(xiao)费(fei)争议。
(五)促进普惠金融(rong)(rong)(rong)发(fa)(fa)展。金融(rong)(rong)(rong)管(guan)理部门(men)要根(gen)据(ju)国(guo)家发(fa)(fa)展普惠金融(rong)(rong)(rong)有关要求,扩大(da)普惠金融(rong)(rong)(rong)覆盖面(mian),提高渗透率。金融(rong)(rong)(rong)机构(gou)应当重视金融(rong)(rong)(rong)消费者(zhe)需求的(de)多元性(xing)与差异性(xing),积极(ji)支持欠发(fa)(fa)达(da)地区和低收(shou)入(ru)群(qun)体(ti)等(deng)获得必(bi)要、及时的(de)基本金融(rong)(rong)(rong)产品和服务(wu)。
(六)优化(hua)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)发展(zhan)(zhan)环(huan)境(jing)。建(jian)立以政府为主导、社(she)会广泛参与的金(jin)(jin)融(rong)发展(zhan)(zhan)环(huan)境(jing)优化(hua)机(ji)制(zhi),加(jia)强社(she)会信(xin)用体系建(jian)设,增(zeng)强金(jin)(jin)融(rong)机(ji)构、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)消(xiao)费者契约(yue)精神和信(xin)用意识,推动金(jin)(jin)融(rong)消(xiao)费者权益保护(hu)环(huan)境(jing)评估工(gong)作,为保护(hu)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)消(xiao)费者合法权益创(chuang)造良好金(jin)(jin)融(rong)发展(zhan)(zhan)环(huan)境(jing)。
各(ge)地区、各(ge)有(you)关部(bu)门(men)(men)要按照党中央、国务(wu)院决策(ce)部(bu)署,加(jia)强组织领导,注(zhu)重沟通协调,强化组织和(he)能力(li)建设,在人力(li)、财(cai)力(li)、物力(li)等方面给予充分支(zhi)持。各(ge)有(you)关部(bu)门(men)(men)要结合实(shi)际,抓紧(jin)研究制定具体实(shi)施办法,采取有(you)效措施,切实(shi)承(cheng)担起金融消费(fei)者权益(yi)保护监管(guan)职责,保护金融消费(fei)者合法权益(yi),共同(tong)营造良(liang)好社会氛围,促进金融业持续健康发展,为实(shi)现全面建成小康社会的宏(hong)伟目标作(zuo)出贡献(xian)。
国务院办(ban)公厅(ting)
2015年(nian)11月4日